Networking: The Foundation of Cyber Security
The first fundamental of cyber security is networking. This involves understanding how data flows and how devices communicate with each other. You should grasp the basic concepts of TCP/IP, OSI, subnetting, and common networking protocols such as DNS, DHCP, HTTP, and SSH. These are the building blocks of any cyber security course, whether free or paid. Understanding these concepts will give you a solid foundation in cyber security.
Operating Systems: Protecting What You Want to Protect
The second fundamental is understanding operating systems. You need to know what you want to protect and how to protect it. For most organizations, this means protecting their Windows-based systems. While it's not necessary to fully understand the inner workings of the operating system, you should be familiar with key concepts such as permissions, registries, and logging. This understanding is applicable to all operating systems, including Linux and Mac OS.
Cryptography: The Backbone of Security
Cryptography is a crucial component of cyber security. It's all about protecting your data and ensuring its integrity. Key concepts to focus on include encryption, hashing, and digital signatures. Understanding these topics will provide you with a fundamental understanding of how cryptography contributes to cyber security.
Security Policies and Procedures: The Framework of Cyber Security
Security policies and procedures form the framework of cyber security. If you're not familiar with NIST or CIS, I would encourage you to familiarize yourself with these organizations. They provide a comprehensive list of security controls that can help improve your organization's security posture. Understanding these frameworks and the importance of compliance with industry standards and regulations is crucial.
Authentication and Authorization: Protecting Your Identity
Authentication and authorization are two sides of the same coin in cyber security. Authentication is about verifying the identity of the user, while authorization is about granting the user the necessary permissions to access specific resources. Learning about various authentication methods and access controls will enhance your understanding of how to protect your identity and valuable resources.
Firewalls and IDS/IPS: Guarding Your Network
Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)/Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) play a crucial role in protecting your network. Understanding the differences between an IDS and an IPS and the purpose of a firewall can help you make informed decisions about which security solution to use.
Vulnerability Assessment: Identifying Weaknesses
Vulnerability assessment is a key area in cyber security. It helps identify weaknesses in your organization's systems and networks. Understanding how to conduct a vulnerability assessment can provide you with valuable insights into how to improve your organization's security posture.
Incident Response and Handling: Dealing with Security Breaches
Last, but not least, is incident response and handling. This involves understanding the incident response life cycle and having a well-defined and updated incident response plan. Being familiar with these concepts can guide you through an incident from start to finish, ensuring that your organization is prepared to handle any potential security breaches.
Conclusion
Cyber security is a vast field with many complex concepts. However, by focusing on these fundamentals, you can gain a solid understanding of the field. Remember, the journey into cyber security should not be rushed. Take your time to learn and understand these concepts fully. Happy learning!
Stay Informed, Stay Safe!
